Tenses (Zamanlar)

[erenberk]

Zamanları öğrenmek için işinize yarayabilecek bir tablo.

[SIZE=+1]How to Read this Chart

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[SIZE=+1]
You can see three Tenses down on the left:

• Past,
• Present, and
• Future,

...and you see the four standard Aspects along the top:

• Simple,
• Perfect,
• Progressive [SIZE=-1](sometimes called Continuous)[/SIZE], and
• Perfect Progressive.

Note also that two verb types are represented for each Tense/Aspect:

• The regular past (walk --> walked), and
• The irregular past (write --> written).

Finally, note the allowance for the "-s" associated with the 3rd person, singular, Simple Present ("writes" and "walks").


How to Use this Chart

This chart shows the correct forms for any tense and aspect.Of course, you also need to know what the various tenses and aspects actually mean, but that's outside the scope of this short guide.

Example ONE

Here's an example of a check for basic correctness. Consider this sentence:

[SIZE=+2]*Bill walking his dog.[/SIZE]​

We can break this down into the standard Subject/Verb/Object structure:

Subject	Verb	Object

[TD="align: center"] [SIZE=+2]Bill [/SIZE] [/TD]
[TD="align: center"] [SIZE=+2] walking [/SIZE] [/TD]
[TD="align: center"] [SIZE=+2] his dog[/SIZE] [/TD]

Here's the important idea:

[TD="bgcolor: blue, align: center"] [SIZE=+1]Looking at the Tense/Aspect chart, you can see that there is no Tense/Aspect which is "walking", all by itself.[/SIZE] [/TD]

So what would be the fix to the bad sentence shown above?
The -ing form of the verb (the Present Participle) is a progressive form. So assuming you do want a progressive sense, six forms are permitted. They're shaded in light green in the little chart on the right, and here's what happens if you use them to fix the sentence:

	[SIZE=+1]Bill is walking his dog.[/SIZE]
	[SIZE=+1]Bill was walking his dog.[/SIZE]
	[SIZE=+1]Bill will be walking his dog.[/SIZE]
	[SIZE=+1]Bill has been walking his dog.[/SIZE]
	[SIZE=+1]Bill had been walking his dog.[/SIZE]
	[SIZE=+1]Bill will have been walking his dog.[/SIZE]

[TH="align: right"]Present Progressive[/TH]

[TH="align: right"]Past Progressive[/TH]

[TH="align: right"]Future Progressive[/TH]

[TH="align: right"]Present Perfect Progressive[/TH]

[TH="align: right"]Past Perfect Progressive[/TH]

[TH="align: right"]Future Perfect Progressive[/TH]

Note, of course, that not all of these forms are desirable. You want to choose the right one; the one that best expresses what you want to say.
However, the above forms are grammatically correct.


Example TWO

Take another example:

[SIZE=+2]*Bill is walked his dog.[/SIZE]​

Again, let's break this down into the standard Subject/Verb/Object structure:

Subject	Verb	Object

[TD="align: center"] [SIZE=+2]Bill [/SIZE] [/TD]
[TD="align: center"] [SIZE=+2] is walked [/SIZE] [/TD]
[TD="align: center"] [SIZE=+2] his dog[/SIZE] [/TD]

If you look at the chart, you'll **** there are four tense/aspects that use the -ed (Past Participle). The little chart on the right shows them shaded in light blue. Given that you do want to use a Past Participle, here's what the sentence looks like if you apply each of these four fixes:

	[SIZE=+1]Bill walked his dog.[/SIZE]
	[SIZE=+1]Bill has walked his dog.[/SIZE]
	[SIZE=+1]Bill had walked his dog.[/SIZE]
	[SIZE=+1]Bill will have walked his dog.[/SIZE]

[TH="align: right"]Simple Past[/TH]

[TH="align: right"]Present Perfect[/TH]

[TH="align: right"]Past Perfect[/TH]

[TH="align: right"]Future Perfect[/TH]

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[Pupilla]

nice share thanks

 

[mazula]

I think this is very useful for beginners.
Thanks for sharing

 

[way_be]

thanks a lot.

tenses very important for learn to english

 

[pesimist]

Thanks maaan